Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, with timely medical intervention, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 1%. Preventing this form of transmission is one of the most significant achievements in HIV prevention.
HIV-positive pregnant women should begin antiretroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible and continue it throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding. These medications lower the mother’s viral load and dramatically decrease the likelihood of passing the virus to the child.
Healthcare providers also play a crucial role by ensuring that women are tested for HIV during prenatal visits. In areas where healthcare access is limited, mobile clinics and community health workers can bridge the gap. Offering free testing and medication greatly improves outcomes.
In addition, safe breastfeeding practices and the use of formula when available and safe can help further reduce risk. Educating mothers and communities about these prevention methods is essential. When prevention is prioritized, it ensures that children can be born and remain HIV-free, breaking the cycle of infection across generations.
Kanishka